Cardiovascular System Study Guide
| * mediastinum location | |
| * coverings of the heart and composition of the heart wall | |
| * anatomy of heart chambers and valves, vessels that that enter and leave heart chambers | |
| * pathway of blood flow including major vessels, heart chambers, and valves | |
| * valve function and when valves are open or closed | |
| * other internal anatomy: trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles, chordae tendonae | |
| * basics of coronary circulation | |
| * function of internal conduction system: sinoatrial node function, atrioventricular node function | |
| * effect on heart rate of sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems, epihephrine/norepinephrine, thyroxine, elevated and reduced calcium, excesses of sodium and potassium | |
| * structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins with respect to the three layers of vessel walls (tunica intima, media, and adventitia | |
| * three types of arteries and their function | |
| * two types of capillaries: function and location | |
| * workings of capillary bed (terminal arteriole, metarteriole/thoroughfare channel, precapillary sphincters, postcapillary venule | |
| * veins: structure and function (valves, anastomoses) | |
| * blood pressure definition and control, factors influencing blood pressure | |
| * terms: cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate | |
| * sources of resistance and what effect they have on resistance and blood pressure | |
| * place where peripheral resistance in greatest (arterioles) | |
| * blood pressure measurement: systole, diastole | |
| * general relationship of blood vessel radius and resistance | |
| * control of blood pressure: neural controls, baroreceptors, ADH, kidneys (renin, angiotensin) | |
| * forms of hypotension and hypertension | |
| * velocity of blood flow in arteries, capillaries, and veins | |
| * local blood flow regulation | |
| * blood flow in skeletal muscles, brain, lungs, and heart | |
| * capillary blood flow: fluid movement, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure | |
| * shock: hypovolemic, vascular, cardiogenic | |